Stringed musical instrument



F. WINQUIST AND J. SORAVIA.

' STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATIOWN FILED FEB. 9. 1920.

1 ,.-3 90,004. PatentedSept. 6, 1921..

3 SHEETS-SHEET' 1.

/fm i F. WINQUIST AND J. SORAVIA.

STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT, APPLICATION FILED FEB. 9, 1920.

PatentedSept. 6, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

F. WINQUIST'AND I. SORAVIA.

STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

Patented sept. 6,1921.,

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

.UNITED STATES PATENT ioFFicr.. A

FRITZ wINeUIsT, or CHICAGO, AND Josiirir soItAvIA, oFoAK PARK, ILLINOIS. Y

'STBINGED iiiUsIoAI. INSTRUMENT.-

`VSpeciiicsation of Letters Patent.' Patented .Sept/ V 6f 1921 application nieu February 9,1920. seriaiivofssmea.

T 0 al'w'lwm t may concern: i

Be it known that we, FRITZ WINQUIST and JOSEPH SoRAviA, citizens of the United States, residing at Chicago, inthe county of Cook andState of Illinois, and Oak Park, in the countyof Cook and State of Illinois, respectively, have invented certain `new and usefuly Improvements in Stringed Musicall Instruments, fof which the following yis a" specification. y. y i

Our invention relates to improvements in musical instrumentsy and more particularly to the class of stringed instruments similar tothe Zither and guitar. The general objects of the invention Vare, to combine in a sin le instrument the music-producing kcapabilities of the Hawaiian steel guitar and the Zither.

The unique and plaintive music of theHawaiian steel guitar has recently become vel-'y Y popular andA is in great demand. To produce this music on` an ordinary guitar orV those specially designed` for it.k requires,

however, .an expert performer, and evenV when such an instrument is played by a com` petent performer the limitations of the accompaniment he is able toproduce are-such that the music is nearlyfalways provided by two or more performers, one of whom provides guitar, a ukulele, orsome other suitable instrument. y

The Zither is relatively little used by English speaking peoples and is not capable of beingplayed with a steel bar to produce Ha? waiian music. We have succeeded in producing an instrument which maywhen well built, be made to possess tone qualities com- Y parable in excellence with a good Zither or .Hawaiian guitar and on which a melody may be played with a steel bar and Vpick making the instrument the full equivalent of theHawaiian steel guitar, and the same performer may simultaneously produce on the same instrument a suitable accompaniment.V Our improved instrument may be played by relatively unskilled performers and produce highly satisfactory music; in the hands of a highly skilled performerit may, moreover, be used very effectively to provide avsurprisingly wide range of musical effect y Further objects/of our invention -are to provide a replaceable chartvfor the instrument and to provide aV special system of chart indicia and aispecial systemvof musicalV notation yfor enabling persons .,to; perform an accompaniment upon another successfully *upon the instrument without learning the relatively complicated system of l notation employed-in writing ordinary music.` While the general principles of the system maybe applied toV other `musical instruments th'anthe Vone-.herein disclosed, in this specific embodiment the system is particularly applicable to our instrument. i

.Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure lv 1s a plan view and Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line 2 2 of F ig. I of an illustrative embodiment of our invention. Fig.. 3jis an .elevation of thenarrow end of theinstrument, and'F ig. i is a plan view of a portion of that end .of the instrument illustrating the manner of attaching and supporting the ends of the strings: Figs. 5 and 6' are detail views of an improved finger pickwhich we prefer to use in playing the instrument, and Fig. 7 illustrates a finger pick onthe iirst finger of the hand of a performer and also a thumb pick of ordinary design. Fig. 8 shows a steel bar similar to those used in glaying the ordinary Hawaiian steel guitar. 4ig. 9 is av plan view of a substitute chart to be placed on the instrument ywhen playing it. according to our improved and simplified system of notation. Fig.l 10` is a detail section illustrating the yclip for holding the detachable charts in place. Fig. 1l is a copyoi' a sample sheet of music constructed according to our invention indicatin the proper method of playing amusioal se ection, ythe selection illustrated being Massas injthe cold, cold ground.7 Fig. 12 is a copy of some of the directions for playing the instrument.l y

In the embodiment of our invention selected for illustration the body or resonating element of the instrument is a hollow box comprising a top piecelO having a sound hole 11 and an imperforatebottom piece l2, the top and bottom pieces being suitably united around the edges of the instrument by edge walls or spacing blocks 13 and 14. These parts'and their shape and arrangement may be widely varied to secure various desirable `tone qualities.

llty ofjsetsfofchord`lti`ings which may ioo y be tuned to provide appropriate chords for the accompaniment. s illustrated, these groups of strings diverge slightly, being farthest apart at the broader end of the instrument, and relatively close together at the other end.

A suitable hand rest and cover for the narrow end of the instrument is provided comprising an annular body portion 18 held spaced from the top of the box by suitable projections 19 illustrated as screws having their heads resting on the box, and fas-l lower ends by a high bridge 24: and at their.

upper end by a separate high bridge 25. Low bridges 26 and 27 serve to aline and support the tone producing portions of the chord strings. The chord and i melody strings, after passing over their respective bridges are attached at their outer ends to.

pins 28 rotatably mounted in the customary manner, and adapted to be adjusted by a suitable tool engaging their squared upper ends to properly tension the strings for tunn ing purposes. Reinforcing blocks such as 29 are preferably employed to provide attachment means of su'liicient strength for the pins 28. The blocks 29 may be-made integral with the edge wall 14 if so desired.

The tools we prefer to employ to assist the operator in playing on our improved instrument comprise the usual steel bar 30, illustrated in Fig. 8, the usual thumb pick 31, illustrated in Fig. 7, and a pick and holder to be used in picking the chord strings with the first finger. This pick and holder are illustrated in Figs. 5, G and 7 and comprise a metal body 32 having arcu,

ate wings 33 to engage the finger of the operator. Thebody 32 is a box-like structure adapted to receive the pick proper 34 which is preferably a piece of hard felt, although anyV suitable material may be employed. Where, 'for instance, a j angling ei- 'fect is desired, a piece of wood may be substituted. Ears 35 formed integral with the body portion of the holder, embrace and hold the pick proper 34 which, as illustrated, is cut with a slight taper so that it may be wedged in place and firmly held.V

In playing our improved instrument it is laid flat on a table or other suitable support and theV operator stands or sits at'the narrow end or foot of the instrument where his rightl hand, wrist, or forearm, may rest on the hand rest 18; in which position the melody strings M maybe conveniently plucked with the thumb, and the chord strings H may :be stroked with the first inger.

Thesteel bar 30 is held in the left hand, the left arm being extended out over the instrument toposition the bar over the melody strings and control the pitch of the note produced.

The tuning we prefer to employ for the melody strings has been illustrated in Fig. i by the indicia carried by the ordinary chart 36. Asillustrated, the left hand string is tuned to middle C, or using the common system of notation, C3. The second string is tuned to E3 and the third vto G3. lVhile wie have illustrated aspeciiic tuning and sheets of special music arranged tobe used with the tuning preferred, it will be obvious that the intervals between the strings may be varied and that different tunings may be employed. The tuning we have illustrated, however, gives the three open melody strings M the intervals of a tonic chord and in producing a piece of music all three strings may be simultaneously plucked either when open to produce this chord or when properly held by the steel bar to produce another chord in the same or any other key. This yability to produce concordant tones simultaneously on more than one melody string, in addition to playing the melody, is a particularly advantageous feature of the tuning illustrated.

The sets of chord strings, of which we have illustrated four sets each composed ot four strings, may be tuned to produce a variety ofi'suitable chords. Using the nomenclature ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti, ut, we prefer to tune the chord strings adjacent the melody strings to the tonic chord which may be built up of any desired combination ci. the tones ut, ini and sol, preferably with ut or sol as the lowest or fundamental note. Similarly, the second' set oit chord strings is to be tuned to sound the dominant chord which in its pure `form is made up entirely of thetones sol, ti and le prefer, however, t0 include the seventh therein, adding the tone i'a,'which materially improves the ei'lict oil the chord. The third set ol chord vstrings we prefer tuned to produce the subdominant chord made up oi' the tones fa, la and ut. V- p The fourth set `of chord strings, and additional sets, ijf-such are provided, may preterably be tuned to produce one or more ad Aditional chords ,tor modulation purposes and 'strings against Athe body of the instrument'.r

` characters; each character indicating the,

order to give persons skilled in the art a vsatisfactory idea of the capabilities and use of the instrument. It will be obvious, however, thatv the tuning employed may be varied at the will of the performer.

lFor the purposeof facilitating the use of our instrument either by accomplished musicians accustomed to read music written 'according to the usual system of notation,

or by relatively unskilled performerswho do not readily read music thus written, we provide means lfor removably mounting a chart corresponding Vto a fingerboard under the melodyy strings of the instrument so that chartsof various kindsmay beprovided.

This mounting may comprise, as illustrated Vin Fig. 10, a simple cleat 37 having a turnedup edge 38 providing angroove in which the 'chart may be readily inserted. The shape of the groove or the resilience of the cleat may be readily so designedthatfrictionl will hold `the chart in place. charts correspond tofinger-boards, although, of course, in using the steel bar, the strings are merely held at points above the .lines drawn on thekchart, without pressing the In addition to the lines', which correspond to frets, other -indicia indicating notes according t0 an desire'dsystemof notation, may be carrie bythe chart.

y In Fig. 9 we have illustrated a chart 39 bearing instead of the `letters and sharps shown on thechart in Fig. 1 a simple series of consecutive numbers, numbering the positions corresponding to frets from l up. Inv this chart a single character serves for all the strings. The use of such a chart does not require a knowledge of musical notation onthe part of the performer. In Fig. 11 we have illustrated a sample sheet of music written for use in connection with the chart ofFig. 9. The 'indicia carried by the sheet` illustrated comprise a central row of large number of the line over which the bar is to be held. The string to be picked to producel the appropriate note is indicated in connection with each central character or note number as follows: Notes to be playedon the right-hand or third string are indicated by simple note numbers; notes to he played on the center or second string are`ind1cated` bythe note number inclosed in a circle; and notes'to be played on the left-hand or first stringV are indicated by note numbers in closed in a square. Upper and lower lines 40 and 41 suitably spaced to accommodate the note numbers,rextend across the page, and perform in part the function of the ordinary staff.

useful andl advan` These Time is perhaps one of the greatest difficultiesencountered by unskilled performers and this diiiiculty is materially increased by the practice of printing music so aste indi-1 cate the time merely by .the character of the note employed without regard to the space on the paper allotted to the note. c In music printed according to our improved system7 the staff is divided'from left to right into quantitative means of estimating the timeto be allotted to that note. The piece illustrated happens to be written with four beats to the measure and the beats of each measure are indicated by small numbers l, 2, 3 and 4, just above the row of larger numbers indicating lthe position of the bar and the strings to be picked. Suitable means for indicating the measures as Aan entirety comprises a double line ruled vertically across the paper at the end of eachmeasure. practice in the use of music written according to our improved system, it' will be obvious that the numbers l, 2,- 8 and i over each measure may be omitted if desired; the time intervals being indicated by single lines drawn downward for avery short distance from the upper line 40 between beats," and by a single line drawn from the upper line 40 to the lower line 41 to separate thebeat-s where differentnotes arevplayed ou different beats. f

The accompaniment is indicated by suitable indicia corresponding to each beat and located just below the lower line di.. The sets of chords are preferably numbered l, 2. 3 and 4, etc., chord lbeing the chord next the melody strings, or the tonic, chord 2 being the dominant chord and chord 3 the subdominant,`et`c. Thus it will be seen that in the second measure of the piece illustrated. the vtonic chord and the open right-hand string are both sounded on the first beat of the measure; on the second beat the open middle string without any chord,and on the third and fourth beats the left-hand string held over the second line and the open lefti-V hand string are played, also Without chords. Rests are preferably to be indicated by writ ing out the word Rest at least kin the charts used for preliminary practice, and as the system of writing the music affords suit able space therefor, this practice may profitably be followed in 4all the music. Repeats are preferably also indicated by writing them' out, although other means of indicating them may be employed.

A plurality of instruction sheets for beginners, or a small instruction book is provided with each instrument; the nature of the instructions being indicated in a general way by Fig. 12, which, in connection with After a Alittle Fig. 11 might serve as the first lesson or eX- ercise in such a book.

It will be seen that we have provided a` single instrument capable of meeting the requirements outlined above. While we have described and illustrated in detail a preferred embodiment ot our invention and have pointed out particularly the tuning we prefer to employ for the purpose of explaining to persons skilled in musical arts, the capabilities of the instrument, it should be clearly understood that the description is only for purposes of illustration and that many modiiications and variations will naturally occur to those skilled in the art. The melody strings, tor instance, might-be carried at their upper ends by a neck with frets, so that they could be lingered, as in a banjo or mandolin. lVe aim in the subjoined claims to cover all. such legitimate variations and modifications.

We claim as our invention:

l. A musical instrument comprising al tapering body, and a plurality ot spaced sets of chord strings tension across said body, said sets of strings divei'ging toward the large end of the body.

2. A musical instrument played by plucking the strings having, in combination, a resonant body, a plurality otl sets of strings lying in the same plane and adjacent said body throughout their length, and an additional set of strings tensioned over said body and lying in a different plane, said additional set of :strings being laterally offset so as not to overlie any of the other sets of strings.

3. A musical instrument played by plucking the strings having, in combination, a plurality of sets of strings located in ditlerent planes whereby the strings of one set may be controlled by a straight bar to vary their pitch for playing a melody without disturbing the. other strings.

Y 4;. A musical instrument having, in combination, a body, a plurality of sets oit closely spaced chord strings, said sets being closely spaced at one end of the instrument and diverging toward the other end.

5. A musical instrument played by plucking the strings having, in combination, a body, a set of adjacent strings tuned to produce a chord and all lying in the saine plane relatively lclose to said body and an additional string tensioned over said body, said additional string being removed trom said body far enough for satisfactory control of its pitch by a steel bar held in the hand of the operator.

6. A musical instrument having, in combination, a string arranged to be played with a steel bar for determining the pitch, a set of adjacent strings timed to produce a chord, and a single resonant body supporting all said strings, andunderlying said chord strings throughout their length.

7. A musical instrument played by plucking the strings having, in combination, a string arranged to be played with a steel bar for determining t-he pitch, sets o'l' chord producing strings any set ot' which may be sounded practically simultaneously by a single movement, and a single resonant body supporting all said strings.

8. A musical instrument played by plucking the strings having, in combination, strings ari'angedto be played upon with a steel bar to determine the pitch, and additional sets ot' strings, each set adapted to be sounded by a single movement simultaneously with said first-mentioned strings, and a single resonant body supporting all said strings.

9. A musical instrument played by plucking the strings having, in combination, a 85 plurality of sets ot, strings, an additional set of strings arrangedto be played with a steel bar to determinethe pitch, and a single resonant body supporting all said strings. 90

lO. A musical instrument played by plucking the strings having, in combination, a body, a plurality offsets of strings positioned relatively close to said body and an additional set of strings positioned farther from said body and arranged to be played with a steel bar to determine the pitch, all said strings overlying said body and arranged to be played from the same side of the body.

l1. A musical instrument having, in combination, a body, a set of strings spaced so as to be played with a steel bar to determine the pitch, and additional sets of strings carried by the same instrument for producing 105 a suitable accompaniment by sounding the several sets selectively with a single stroke.

l2. A musical instrument having, in combination, a body having a narrow end, a pluiality of sets of parallel chord strings eX- 110 tending from said narrow end across the body ot' the instrument, said sets diverging to increase the space between them where they are to be engaged in playing. y

In testimony whereof we have hereunto 115 set our hands.

FRITZ VINQUIST. JOSEPH SORAVIA. 

